Action research (action research) aims to develop skills - new skills
or new approaches and ways to solve problems with direct application in
the workplace or elsewhere.
Action
research is an assessment of the scope of the problem is not too large
that it relates to the behavior of a particular person or group of
people in a particular place, accompanied by a careful study to a
particular treatment and assess the extent to which the impact of the
treatment on the behavior being studied . The
assessment was carried out in order to alter, repair, and or improve
the quality of that behavior, or eliminate the negative aspects of the
behavior that is being analyzed. Research act of an assessment of the practical problems that are
situational and contextual, which aimed to determine the appropriate
action within the framework of solving the problems encountered or fix
something, and generally conducted collaboratively between researchers
and subjects studied, through self-assessment procedure.Because
action research is a form of study or inquiry through self-reflection
undertaken by the participants of educational activities (such as
teachers, students and or principals) in social situations, including
education to improve the rationality and truth and validity. Therefore, the most suitable approach in action research is a naturalistic approach.Naturalistic approach is a research approach in answering the
question, requiring in-depth and comprehensive understanding in the
context of the time and situation.Naturalistic approach sees reality as a plural dimension, intact and the unity and open - ended. Therefore, it is impossible compiled a detailed study design and fixed beforehand. The study design evolved during the study.According Sugiyono (1997), naturalistic study process is cyclical, not linear as in quantitative research. Therefore cyclical, the research carried out repeatedly - again. The number of repetition period depends on the depth and the desired
accuracy, which ultimately will be more focused research on the actual
problem occurred in the object / subject of research.Researchers
and interacting object studied, the research process is done from the
outside and from the inside with many involving judgment. In
doing so, researchers also functions as a research tool which certainly
can not disengage completely and the element of subjectivity. In other words, in this study there was no standard research tool that has been prepared beforehand. Naturalistic
approach is often also referred to as a qualitative approach, as said
by Guba & Wolf bahw qualitative research is often called
naturalistic because researchers interested in investigating the events -
as events occur naturally. Data collected by people - people who behave in a reasonable, talking, traveling, seeing and so on.A description of the research results are tentative interpretation in the context of a particular time or situation. Truth more research is supported through a trust (trustworhiness)
based on the confirmation of the results by party - parties are
investigated.B. Attendance ResearchersThe
presence of researchers in the field to act as a participant observer,
which is classified as active participation means participation or
presence in the setting of researchers participating in the activities
at the same situation as the observer (observer). This is possible because the class action research researcher than as
an observer as well as the Principal directly involved in the learning
process in the classroom.The presence of researchers as well as research subjects is determined
since the class is used as the setting of the study, which began on
January 3, 2015 until February 20, 2015. Data collection was performed
twice in one week, according to the schedule Geography lessons are on
Mondays and Wednesdays.C. Location ResearchLocation of the study was in high school 6 Madiun, Madiun. Classes
are used as background research is a Class X-4 (four) by the number of
38 students, which consisted of 16 male students - male and 22 female
students. Subjects were used as the object of research is the subject of
Geography Class X-4 SD with the subject Dicipline and Drinking
Medicines.D. Sources of DataThe
data collected in this study is that the data in accordance with the
focus of research, namely the influence of geography subjects of inquiry
learning to increase student achievement Class X-4 High School 6
Madiun, Madiun. The type of data in this study can be divided into two primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained in the form of verbal or verbal utterance of
the students and teachers of Class X-4 High School 6 Madiun, while
secondary data such as documents of students, such as a list of values,
report cards and so on.The main data source of this research is the result of a test of the
students of Class X-4 schools and other data sources, such as: classroom
teachers and others - others.E. Data Collection ProceduresTo
get the data - the data that is needed, this study uses the following
manner: (1) library research, namely data collection through the
library, and (2) field research, which is seeking data from a study
(fieldwork). In the data collection used the following procedure:1. InterviewThe interview is a question and answer orally with a view to publication. In this data collection was obtained by conducting interviews direct,
open and unstructured, to classroom teachers who teach Grade X-4.2. QuestionnaireThe questionnaire is an investigation into a matter that is generally a
lot of public interest (the crowd) by way of listening, a list of
questions submitted in writing to a number of subjects to get answers or
calendar (response) is fully written.Composed a list of questions posed to the students of Class X-4 High School 6 Madiun Madiun which follows the inquiry learning. Questionnaires were used already provided answers that respondents just choose the answer according to his / her interests on.3. DocumentsDocument means a record - important note written evidence of an incident with this document engineering data required are:a. Data
on the circumstances and the number of students of Class X-4 High
School 6 Madiun, Madiun, which follow the strategy of inquiry learning. This data can be obtained from classroom teachers who teach in Class X-4.b. Data on student documents Class X-4 High School 6 Madiun Madiun on inquiry learning in the field of Geography. This value can be obtained from documents daily test results in the second semester of the school year 2014/2015.F. Research Plan1. Step - step studyThe steps - steps taken by research in this study are:a. Observation study siteThis
stage is the stage of field orientation with the goal of getting to
know all the elements of the physical environment and the natural
surroundings. According
Nasution (1988) is an observation is the basis of all science for in
the field, researchers are trying to interact with the subject actively,
because observation is selective activity of an active process. Intended to determine the state of the object of study before
researchers conducted the study in accordance with the existing reality.b. Location researchThis phase ensures that the SMA 6 Madiun Madiun used as background
research with a consideration of available resources studied enough.c. Initial data collectionInitial data collection for the study conducted by researchers focusing problem by conducting direct observation. It is intended, in order to obtain valid and reliable data in accordance with the conditions of the research object. By direct observation, the researchers will obtain court records that can be accounted for. Moleong (1995) mentions that the notes field is the heart of qualitative research. Furthermore Moleong (1995) says that the qualitative research of human position as a major instrument in data collection. The presence of researchers in the field is preferred, because the data collection should be done in a real situation. Further research was conducted with the following cycle:1) In the early stages (pre-cycle), the students are given a few
questions (pre-knowledge) associated with geography lessons appropriate
to the subject Dicipline and Drinking Medicines Class X-4 semester.2)
In the first cycle, the teacher presents a geography lesson with the
subject Dicipline and Drinking Medicines without applying the method of
inquiry. At the end of the evaluation of teaching and learning is given. Test results are analyzed. In this cycle to determine student achievement at first - first.3)
In the second cycle, the teacher presents a geography lesson about
Dicipline and Drinking Medicines by applying the method of inquiry,
continues an evaluation and analysis of student achievement. In this cycle to see if there is an increase in student achievement, compared with the previous cycle. After the students were given a questionnaire reflection of students
associated with the implementation END OF LEARNING inquiry method.4) In the third cycle, the teacher held daily tests consisting of a material reflection geometry and symmetry. The results were analyzed. In this cycle is a cycle of stabilization of the result of teachers
implement inquiry learning, is expected to take a conclusion about the
impact of the implementation of the method of inquiry on student
achievement.
Figure 3.1. Research Procedures2. Cycle ResearchThe amount of research cycle is 3 (three) cycles. The reason to use three cycles are every cycle has its own characteristics. Time spent in the cycle I, II and III are gradually interrelated and inter-cycle to support the acquisition of data. Stages - step is conducted to simultaneously reflect the action that
has / have been done, then look for the point - the point of improvement
efforts with various techniques and ways to achieve optimal results
expected.On
the subject of Dicipline and Drinking Medicines indeed there are
difficulties for students of Class X-4 was first introduced. Here, the role of teachers is very important to find techniques and
methods of teaching so that students easily understand, as well please
geography subjects.G. Research InstrumentIn principle, in this study, researchers and classroom teachers who
become the main instrument and tried to gather his own observations
required (Nasution, 1992).The instrument used to examine is the assessment carried out in accordance with the standards set by the teacher. The shape of the test used is an objective description. Scoring done analytically, ie each step workmanship were scored. Also scoring is hierarchical, according to the steps about workmanship.Assessment
criteria for each - each cycle research also functions as signs - signs
of reflection, and indicators of student success rate. The criteria are defined as follows:1. Value 86-100 = A (excellent)2. Value 70-85 = B (good)3. Value 60-69 = C (enough)4. Value 50-59 = D (less)5. Value 0-49 = E (less so)H. Analysis of DataData
analysis is the process of preparing, categorize the data, looking for
patterns or themes, with a view to understanding its meaning (Nasution,
1988). According
to Bogdan & Biklen (1992), data analysis is the process of
systematically finding and arranging the interview transcripts, field
notes and materials - Other materials that have been collected by
researchers, to increase understanding of the researchers themselves on
the material - material it all and to allow researchers report what were found to party - the other party. According to Bogdan & Biklen job includes working on the data
analysis, arrange, divide into the unit - a unit that can be managed,
synthesize, looking for a pattern, find what is important and what will
researchers report.Analysis
according to Patton (1980) is the process of arranging the order of the
data, organize them into a pattern category and unit basic description.
Data
analysis is the process of detailing the formal effort to find a theme
and formulate hypotheses in accordance with directions and suggestions
on existing data. Miles and Hubermen (1984) said data analysis needs to be performed continuously during the study. Moleong
(1995: 103) argues, "Data analysis is the process of organizing and
sorting data into patterns, categories and descriptions unit basis, so
as to find a theme as suggested by the data." The data analysis
technique used in this study is a descriptive analysis. With
the intent that the descriptive study was designed to obtain
information about the status of the symptoms at the time of the research
conducted. After the research data collected then, further data compiled systematically. With organized way, then worked on the data eventually revealed
important issues in accordance with the appropriate topic to the
problem.The process of data analysis in this study, with steps - steps as follows:1. From the collection of data in the field that began in May 2005 is
considered sufficient then all the data is read again - again, later
identified and grouped students who have completed and incomplete
learning.2. The data are collected and processed by the method of data processing percentage using the formula:
With P = Percentage, F Frequency of answers alternative answers
related to the problem stated, and N = total number of respondents.3. The level of mastery students are grouped as follows:90% - 100% = very good80% - 89% = good70% - 79% = sufficient<70% = less4.
Each category of data obtained, further described in the research
report summarized the findings of the study, then a summary dibahs by
comparing the results with existing theories. Researchers
also leave a comment - comments even advice - advice on the best
attitude determination in the form of problem solving that can be used
as a discourse / or directly carried out, if possible of the findings of
the case - in the case of X-4 High School Class 6 Madiun, Madiun
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar